Blockchain
Merkle trees: compact proofs from leaves to root
A practical, source-linked guide to merkle trees: compact proofs from leaves to root, covering definitions, workflow, uncertainty, security and jurisdiction-aware questions.
Blockchain
Explore how blockchain networks, smart contracts and Web3 work, and where their limits lie.
Blockchain
Oracle design: price sources, updates and outliers
A practical, source-linked guide to oracle design: price sources, updates and outliers, covering definitions, workflow, uncertainty, security and jurisdiction-aware questions.
Blockchain
Zero-knowledge proofs: prover, verifier and privacy limits
A practical, source-linked guide to zero-knowledge proofs: prover, verifier and privacy limits, covering definitions, workflow, uncertainty, security and jurisdiction-aware questions.
Blockchain
Modular blockchains: execution, consensus and data availability
A practical, source-linked guide to modular blockchains: execution, consensus and data availability, covering definitions, workflow, uncertainty, security and jurisdiction-aware questions.
Blockchain
Data availability sampling for light nodes
A practical, source-linked guide to data availability sampling for light nodes, covering definitions, workflow, uncertainty, security and jurisdiction-aware questions.
Blockchain
Cross-chain bridges: lock, mint and trust assumptions
A practical, source-linked guide to cross-chain bridges: lock, mint and trust assumptions, covering definitions, workflow, uncertainty, security and jurisdiction-aware questions.
Blockchain
Ethereum proof of stake: validators, staking and slashing
A practical, source-linked guide to ethereum proof of stake: validators, staking and slashing, covering definitions, workflow, uncertainty, security and jurisdiction-aware questions.
Blockchain
How the Lightning Network works: channels and routing
A practical, source-linked guide to how the lightning network works: channels and routing, covering definitions, workflow, uncertainty, security and jurisdiction-aware questions.
Blockchain
EVM smart-contract execution: accounts, gas and state
A practical, source-linked guide to evm smart-contract execution: accounts, gas and state, covering definitions, workflow, uncertainty, security and jurisdiction-aware questions.
Blockchain
Blockchain scaling and layer 2: the trade-offs behind lower fees
Layer-2 networks move some work away from a base chain, but “faster and cheaper” is only part of the story. Understand data publication, proofs, sequencers and exit paths before comparing security and availability.